Logical Operators in cplus
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  • What you'll learn
  • ✓A logical operator is a symbol or word used to connect two or more expressions .
    ✓Logical operators are used to check whether an expression is True or False.
    ✓Logical operators are pivotal in C programming, allowing you to perform powerful decision-making operations.
    ✓All About Logical Operators In C++ (With Examples)
    ✓Logical operations include AND, OR, NOT, and combinations of those operations.
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  • Two equals signs placed together ask if two values are equal to each other. For example, the statement (A == B) is true when a is equal to b. An exclamation point and an equals sign placed together determine if two values are not equal to each other.
  • There's three types of logic operators:Negation (NOT) Disjunction (OR) Conjunction (AND).
  • An operator that performs a logic operation on nodes, groups, or numbers. AHDL logical operators are NOT ( ! ), AND ( & ), NAND ( !& ), OR ( # ), NOR ( !# ), XOR ( $ ), and XNOR ( !$ ).
  • We use logical operators to perform various logical operations on any set of given expressions. The logical operators in C are used for combining multiple constraints/ conditions or for complementing the evaluation of any original condition that is under consideration.
  • As with comparison operators, you can also test for true (1) or false (0) values with logical operators. Logical operators are used to determine the logic between variables or values: Operator Name Description Example Try it && Logical and Returns true if both statements are true x < 5 && x < 10 || Logical or Returns true if one of the statements is true x < 5 || x < 4 ! Logical not Reverse the result, returns false if the result is true !(x < 5 && x < 10)
  • Syntax operand_1 operator operand_2 ; where, operand = expression / variable / value operator = logical operator symbol There are a lot many types of Logical Connectives in Mathematics. But the most commonly found Logical Connectives or Logical Operators include Conjunction, Disjunction, and Negation. In mathematical terminologies, Conjunction is denoted as ‘^’, Disjunction is denoted as ‘v’, and Negation is denoted as ‘~’. But in programming terminologies, we use different notations. In a programming language, Logical Conjunction is called as Logical AND operation, Logical Disjunction is called as Logical OR operation and Logical Negation is called as Logical NOT operation. These notations are as follows : Operator Name Form && Logical AND a && b || Logical OR a || b ! Logical NOT !a
  • The operators then output a specific response based on the nature of the operator and whether one or both operands are true. In C++, we often see this in the form of an if/else statement. Before we can take a closer look at where logical operators often show up in code, we’ll first need to understand the syntax behind them. There are a total of three logical operators: The ”and” (&&) Operator The logical “and” operator looks at the operands on either of its sides and returns “true” only if both statements are true. If even just one of the two statements is false, the logical “and” will return false.
  • The logical OR operator (||) returns the boolean value true if either or both operands is true and returns false otherwise. The operands are implicitly converted to type bool before evaluation, and the result is of type bool. Logical OR has left-to-right associativity. The operands to the logical OR operator don't have to have the same type, but they must be of boolean, integral, or pointer type. The operands are commonly relational or equality expressions. The first operand is completely evaluated and all side effects are completed before continuing evaluation of the logical OR expression. The second operand is evaluated only if the first operand evaluates to false, because evaluation isn't needed when the logical OR expression is true. It's known as short-circuit evaluation. C++ Copy printf( "%d" , (x == w || x == y || x == z) ); In the above example, if x is equal to either w, y, or z, the second argument to the printf function evaluates to true, which is then promoted to an integer, and the value 1 is printed. Otherwise, it evaluates to false and the value 0 is printed. As soon as one of the conditions evaluates to true, evaluation stops. Operator keyword for || C++ specifies or as an alternative spelling for ||. In C, the alternative spelling is provided as a macro in the <iso646.h> header. In C++, the alternative spelling is a keyword; use of <iso646.h> or the C++ equivalent <ciso646> is deprecated. In Microsoft C++, the /permissive- or /Za compiler option is required to enable the alternative spelling.
  • As with comparison operators, you can also test for true (1) or false (0) values with logical operators. Logical operators are used to determine the logic between variables or values: Operator Name Description Example Try it && Logical and Returns true if both statements are true x < 5 && x < 10 || Logical or Returns true if one of the statements is true x < 5 || x < 4 ! Logical not Reverse the result, returns false if the result is true !(x < 5 && x < 10)
  • How to Use the Bitwise AND (&) Operator in C++ The bitwise AND operator is denoted by the & symbol. Here's how the & operator works in C++: Evaluates the binary value of each operand. Adds the binary values together using a truth table AND format (we'll see a practical application in the examples in this section). Returns the base 10 value of the addition.

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In C++ programming languages, logical operators are symbols that allow you to combine or modify conditions to make logical evaluations. They are used to perform logical operations on boolean values (true or false). In C++, there are three logical operators: Logical AND ( && ) Operator Logical OR ( || ) Operator Logical NOT ( ! ) Operator

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